Indicators to evaluate a beautiful smile according to facial proportions

What is a beautiful face? 

Evaluate straight face aesthetics

According to the ancient Greeks, a beautiful face is a face that achieves the golden ratio of 1.618 (this number is calculated by the ratio of face length / width). 

There are also a number of methods to determine standard facial proportions. According to width, the face can be divided into 5 equal parts by equal parallel vertical lines. These are straight lines that pass through the outside of the ears, the corners of the eyes, and the tips of the eyes on both sides of the face and are perpendicular to the middle axis of the face. Another way of dividing is: if vertically, based on points such as the hairline point, the intersection point between the two eyebrows, the point under the nose and chin, the face is divided into 3 layers. For a harmonious face, these 3 layers must be equal.

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Evaluation of facial aesthetics

Each different race has different phenotypes and standards for assessing facial aesthetics. Europeans often have flat or concave facial profiles. In contrast, Asian people often have convex faces. 

So how to determine the profile of each individual? The researchers proposed 3 anatomical landmarks on soft tissue for evaluation including: the point between the eyebrows, the point at the base of the nose and the most prominent point in the chin area. Connecting these 3 points, if forming a straight line, it is a straight surface, protruding forward is a convex surface, protruding back is a concave surface. 

In the opinion of orthodontists, a profile is beautiful when it is straight or slightly convex. Therefore, the goal of treatment in patients with protruding face (convex face shape) is to reduce the forward tilt of the incisors, reduce lip support and improve profile aesthetics; On patients with an underbite (concave face shape), it is necessary to push the upper lip forward and the lower lip back, tilting the face to a straight shape. 

What is a beautiful smile

A beautiful smile will expose most of the upper tooth crowns, the general recommendation is to expose at least 75% of the height of the central incisors. Teeth exposure also shows the age of the patient, in adolescence it is 85% and there is a slight change until the age of 30, then the lips cover more and more of the front teeth. Teeth and a little bit of gum exposure are both aesthetically acceptable and show youth.

A beautiful smile arch is a smile arch with a moderate width, the space between the corridors on both sides is not too wide, the smile arch follows the lower lip line.

If the tooth exposure is not correct, the treatment plan will lengthen the crowns to improve the smile, helping the patient look younger. There are many possible treatment options, chosen based on the patient's problem. If only regular orthodontic treatment is used, archwires and class II elastics can be used to rotate the bite plane forward and downward. You can consider using vertical elastics in the front. Rotating the upper jaw downward and forward will improve smile aesthetics, especially effective for patients with flat upper jaw. 

Excessive gummy smiles need to be carefully evaluated because the lips naturally lengthen with age. A teenage gummy smile may become perfect after a few years. 

There are 3 methods to treat patients with gummy smiles due to tooth and bone asymmetry:

• (1) subsidence of the incisors with segmented archwires
• (2) subsidence with temporary bone anchors
• (3) orthopedic surgery to bring the upper jaw bone up. 

All of these methods can cause excessive subsidence of the front teeth, making the smile less attractive and also making the patient look older. For some patients, gum overgrowth is also a cause of unsightly smile, and gingivoplasty to achieve normal crown length is an important part of treatment. Laser surgery makes this job easier and more convenient.

The ​​bracket system and bracket attachment location play an extremely important role in creating the patient's smile. The choice of tip and torque for the incisor group and the width of the archwire determines the success of the case, so we need to choose appropriate personalized brackets and archwires for each case. In addition, customers who want to have dental implants can come to Lac Viet Intech Dental Clinic for advice!

For example:

–       Patients with class II, class 1 malocclusion with the incisor axis leaning too much often choose braces with standard torque for the upper incisors

–       Patients with class II malocclusion, branch 2 with a crooked upper incisor axis are often indicated to use high torque braces to adjust the tooth roots in the bone and tooth axis to achieve an aesthetic smile.

–       Patients with a compensated class III malocclusion with a highly reclined upper incisor axis and a lingually reclined lower incisor axis need to choose the torque to bring the upper molar roots outward without further reclining the upper incisors forward.

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